This translation is from the New American Bible. The bolded hyperlinks will take you to additional translations. The entire chapter is included to provide context.
Information about the meaning the original Greek of what seem to be key words is provided in blue. They are provided beneath the specific reading they relate to.
Excerpts collected in yellow at the end of this post tell us something about God’s nature or our relationship to Him.
Excerpts collected in green at the end of this post tell us about something God wants us to do.
Excerpts collected in red at the end of this post tell us about something God does not wants us to do.
Reading I
When the time for Pentecost was fulfilled, they were all in one place together. And suddenly there came from the sky a noise like a strong driving wind, and it filled the entire house in which they were. Then there appeared to them tongues as of fire, which parted and came to rest on each one of them. And they were all filled with the Holy Spirit and began to speak in different tongues, as the Spirit enabled them to proclaim.
Now there were devout Jews from every nation under heaven staying in Jerusalem. At this sound, they gathered in a large crowd, but they were confused because each one heard them speaking in his own language. They were astounded, and in amazement they asked, “Are not all these people who are speaking Galileans? Then how does each of us hear them in his native language? We are Parthians, Medes, and Elamites, inhabitants of Mesopotamia, Judea and Cappadocia, Pontus and Asia, Phrygia and Pamphylia, Egypt and the districts of Libya near Cyrene, as well as travelers from Rome, both Jews and converts to Judaism, Cretans and Arabs, yet we hear them speaking in our own tongues
of the mighty acts of God.”
Responsorial Psalm
Psalm 104:1, 24, 29-30, 31, 34
R. (cf. 30) Lord, send out your Spirit, and renew the face of the earth.
Bless the LORD, O my soul! O LORD, my God, you are great indeed!
How manifold are your works, O LORD! the earth is full of your creatures.
R. Lord, send out your Spirit, and renew the face of the earth.
May the glory of the LORD endure forever; may the LORD be glad in his works!
Pleasing to him be my theme; I will be glad in the LORD.
R. Lord, send out your Spirit, and renew the face of the earth.
If you take away their breath, they perish and return to their dust.
When you send forth your spirit, they are created, and you renew the face of the earth.
R. Lord, send out your Spirit, and renew the face of the earth.
Reading II
Brothers and sisters, live by the Spirit and you will certainly not gratify the desire of the flesh. For the flesh has desires against the Spirit, and the Spirit against the flesh; these are opposed to each other, so that you may not do what you want.
But if you are guided by the Spirit, you are not under the law. Now the works of the flesh are obvious: immorality, impurity, lust, idolatry, sorcery, hatreds, rivalry, jealousy, outbursts of fury, acts of selfishness, dissensions, factions, occasions of envy, drinking bouts, orgies, and the like. I warn you, as I warned you before, that those who do such things will not inherit the kingdom of God.
In contrast, the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, generosity, faithfulness, gentleness, self-control.
Against such there is no law.
Now those who belong to Christ Jesus have crucified their flesh with its passions and desires. If we live in the Spirit, let us also follow the Spirit.
live = περιπατέω = peripateō
to make one's way, progress; “to walk,” is sometimes used of the state in which one is living, or of that to which a person is given; to regulate one's life;to conduct one's self; to pass one's life; deport oneself, follow (as a companion or votary);go, be occupied with;to make a due use of opportunities; to frequent, stay in; the garment one is clothed in; to associate with one, to be one's companion, used of one's followers and votaries; the standard according to which one governs his life
Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon
walk up and down,as in a cloister; traverse;walk about while teaching, discourse
gratify = τελέω = teleō
to carry out a thing to the full; to complete, finish, bring to an end; to go through or over; to pay; to perform;to perform, execute, complete, fulfil, (so that the thing done corresponds to what has been said, the order, command etc.); to pay tribute
Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon
Fulfill, glut,grant one the fulfilment or accomplishment of anything; grant in full, work out; bring to fulfilment or perfection; bring to an end, finish; pay what one owes, what is due; lay out, spend; consume, eat;to belong to a class, to be reckoned among;to be consecrated to
R. Alleluia, alleluia.
Come, Holy Spirit, fill the hearts of your faithful
and kindle in them the fire of your love.
R. Alleluia, alleluia.
Gospel
Jesus said to his disciples:
“When the Advocate comes whom I will send you from the Father, the Spirit of truth that proceeds from the Father, he will testify to me. And you also testify, because you have been with me from the beginning.
***
“I have much more to tell you, but you cannot bear it now. But when he comes, the Spirit of truth, he will guide you to all truth. He will not speak on his own, but he will speak what he hears, and will declare to you the things that are coming. He will glorify me, because he will take from what is mine and declare it to you. Everything that the Father has is mine; for this reason I told you that he will take from what is mine and declare it to you.”
testify = μαρτυρέω = martyreō
Report; "to be a witness, bear witness;to affirm that one has seen or heard or experienced something, or that he knows; to give (not to keep back) testimony;to utter honourable testimony, give a good report; implore; bear record; to prove or confirm; to bring forward evidence to prove
Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott,A Greek-English Lexicon
bear witness, give evidence; bear favourable witness to, give a good report of;acknowledge the value of
guide = ὁδηγέω = hodēgeō
lead the way; to be a guide, lead on one's way, to guide; to be a teacher;to give guidance to; to show the way
Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon
lead one upon his way
truth = ἀλήθεια = aletheia
the reality lying at the basis of an appearance; the manifested, veritable essence of a matter; that candour of mind which is free from affection, pretence, simulation, falsehood, deceit; sincerity of mind and integrity of character, or a mode of life in harmony with divine truth; veracity
Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon
The opposite of lie or mere appearance; reality;
speak = λαλέω =laleō
To say, utter, talk; to utter a voice or emit a sound; to utter articulate sounds; to use words in order to declare one's mind and disclose one's thoughts; preach; tell; promulgate; converse; commanding
Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon
talk, chat; speak;
declare = ἀναγγέλλω = anangellō
announce, report, bring back tidings; bring back word; make known; speak; rehearse
Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott,A Greek-English Lexicon
carry back tidings of, report, proclaim
glorify = δοξάζω = doxazō
to magnify, extol, praise;ascribing honor to, acknowledging; to make glorious, adorn with lustre, clothe with splendor; to make renowned, render illustrious; to cause the dignity and worth of some person or thing to become manifest and acknowledged; to honour, do honour to, hold in honour;to exalt to a glorious rank or condition
Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon
think, imagine; suppose; form or hold an opinion; magnify, extol;to be distinguished, held in honour
[This description of the Holy Spirit sounds a lot like the description of Wisdom set out in Wisdom 7:25-26:
For she is a breath of the power of God, and a pure emanation of the glory of the Almighty; therefore nothing defiled gains entrance into her.
26 For she reflects eternal light, a spotless mirror of the working of God, and an image of his goodness.]
What these readings tell us about God/His ways:
there came from the sky a noise like a strong driving wind
it filled the entire house in which they were
there appeared to them tongues as of fire, which parted and came to rest on each one of them
they were all filled with the Holy Spirit and began to speak in different tongues, as the Spirit enabled them to proclaim.
each one heard them speaking in his own language
O LORD, my God, you are great indeed!
How manifold are your works
the earth is full of your creatures.
May the glory of the LORD endure forever
the LORD be glad in his works!
If you take away their breath, they perish
When you send forth your spirit, they are created, and you renew the face of the earth.
live by the Spirit and you will certainly not gratify the desire of the flesh
In contrast, the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, generosity, faithfulness, gentleness, self-control.
the Advocate comes whom I will send you from the Father
the Spirit of truth
proceeds from the Father
he will testify to me
I have much more to tell you
he comes
the Spirit of truth
he will guide you to all truth.
He will not speak on his own, but he will speak what he hears
He will glorify me, because he will take from what is mine
Everything that the Father has is mine
he will take from what is mine and declare it to you
What these readings tell us to do:
Bless the LORD, O my soul
Pleasing to him be my theme
I will be glad in the LORD
live by the Spirit
guided by the Spirit
love
patience
kindness
generosity
faithfulness
gentleness
self-control
you also testify
What these readings tell us not to do:
gratify the desire of the flesh
immorality, impurity, lust, idolatry, sorcery, hatreds, rivalry, jealousy, outbursts of fury, acts of selfishness, dissensions, factions, occasions of envy, drinking bouts, orgies, and the like.
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