Wednesday, April 29, 2020

A Rosary Based Prayer About The Pandemic: What We Should Learn

We are not the first generation to experience cataclysmic events. Far from it.

Scripture gives consistent direction on how to respond: by turning back to God, seeking His mercy, and turning from our pre-cataclysmic ways to the far better ways He offers us. This rosary-based prayer collects five Old Testament scriptures addressing cataclysms and giving those directions.  

The scriptures collected here are the equivalent of the mysteries meditated upon in a traditional rosary. They are referred to here as “Pandemic Lessons.”  The scriptural texts quoted are from the New Jerusalem Bible (NJB). The hyperlinked citations will take you to other translations. 

Specific words within each scripture are emphasized, with definitions of the Hebrew words set out below each passage and links to the sources of the definitions. Those are among the things to be meditated upon on the Hail Mary beads. 

As you meditate, note the concepts that are repeated within and across these scriptures—God often uses repetition to emphasize what He really wants us to understand.

First Pandemic Lesson:
Deuteronomy 4:29-31 (NJB)
If, however, from there you start searching  once more for Yahweh your God, and if you search  for him honestly and sincerely, you will find  him. You will suffer; everything I have said will befall you, but in the final days you will return  to Yahweh your God and listen  to his voice. For Yahweh your God is a merciful God and will not desert or destroy you or forget the covenant which he made on oath with your ancestors.

searchingבָּקַשׁ= baqash
to seek, require, desire, exact, request; to seek to find; to seek the face; to ask, request; to search out; to strive after:—ask, beg, beseech, desire, enquire; to examine; to entreat, to supplicate

searchדָּרַשׁ= darash
to resort to, seek, seek with care, enquire, require; to seek deity in prayer and worship; to practice, study, follow, seek with application; to follow (for pursuit or search); diligently, inquire, make inquisition; to learn, to study: frequent; apply oneself; to take care for

honestly and sincerelyכֹּל= kol
all, the whole of; totality, everything; any or every; altogether

findמָצָא= matsa'
secure, acquire, get (thing sought); to meet, encounter; to detect; to be in the possession of; to cause to find, attain; to receive; to wish to find; to be acquired by

sufferצַר= tsar
straits, distress; a tight place (usually figuratively, i.e. trouble); anguish, distress; trouble; sorrow, tribulation

returnשׁוּב= shuwb
to return, turn back; to turn back (to God), repent; turn back (from evil); to restore, refresh, repair; recall, recompense, recover; reverse; turn about; to turn oneself; restore

listenשָׁמַע= shama`
to hear, listen to, obey; give heed; yield to; to obey, be obedient; to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc....); consent, consider

mercifulרַחוּם= rachuwm; from racham=  רָחַם
to love, love deeply, have mercy, be compassionate, have tender affection, have compassion; pity; cherishing

Second Pandemic Lesson:
2 Chronicles 7:13-15 (NJB)
[I]f my people who bear my name humble themselves, and pray and seek my presence and turn  from their wicked ways, then I will listen from heaven and forgive their sins and restore their country. Now and for the future my eyes are open and my ears attentive to prayer offered in this place
humbleכָּנַע= kana`
submit oneself; bow down; be subdued, be brought down, be low, be under, be brought into subjection; to bend the knee; to be low, depressed in spirit 

prayפָּלַל= palal
to intervene, interpose, pray; to intercede; intreat; make supplication

seekבָּקַשׁ= baqash
to seek, require, desire, exact, request; to seek to find; to seek the face; to ask, request; to search out; to strive after:—ask, beg, beseech, desire, enquire; to examine; to entreat, to supplicate

presenceפָּנִים= paniym
face; person; countenance

turnrestoreשׁוּב= shuwb
to return, turn back; to restore, refresh, repair; to bring back, make requital, pay (as recompense); the idea of return to the starting point; cease; convert; rescue, restore, retrieve; reverse; take back; withdraw; to turn oneself; revoke, make void

wickedרַע= ra`
bad, evil; malignant; giving pain, unhappiness, misery; unkind (vicious in disposition); wicked (ethically); evil((-favouredness); deformed; badness, especially in an ethical sense; malice

listenשָׁמַע = shama`
to hear, listen to; to hear with attention or interest, listen to; give heed; to hear intelligently; give ear; to understand things heard

prayerתְּפִלָּה= tĕphillah
intercession, supplication; entreaty; hymn, sacred song

forgiveסָלַח= calach
to forgive, pardon; spare; to show oneself gentle

Third Pandemic Lesson:
Jeremiah 29:12-14 (NJB)
When you call to me and come and pray to me, I shall listen to you.When you search for me, you will find me; when you search wholeheartedly for me, I shall let you find me  (Yahweh declares. I shall restore your fortunes and gather you in from all the nations and wherever I have driven you, Yahweh declares. I shall bring you back to the place from which I exiled you).

callקָרָא = qara'
to call unto, cry (for help); the idea of accosting a person met; cried out aloud; call upon

comeהָלַךְ = halak
to go; proceed, move; enter; follow; go along; to go with, have intercourse with; to go after; pursue; to follow ant manner of life; to go forward in anything

prayפָּלַל= palal
to intervene, interpose, pray; to intercede; intreat; make supplication

listenשָׁמַע= shama`
to hear, listen to; to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention ....); consider

searchבָּקַשׁ= baqash
to seek, require, desire, exact, request; to seek to find; to seek the face; to ask, request; to search out; to strive after:—ask, beg, beseech, desire, enquire; to examine; to entreat, to supplicate

searchדָּרַשׁ= darash
to resort to, seek, seek with care, enquire, require; to seek deity in prayer and worship; to practice, study, follow, seek with application; to follow (for pursuit or search); diligently, inquire, make inquisition; to learn, to study: frequent; apply oneself; to take care for

wholeheartedlyכֹּל = kol
all, the whole of; totality, everything; all, any or every; of all kinds, every sort; altogether

findמָצָא= matsa'
secure, acquire, get (thing sought); to meet, encounter; to detect; to be in the possession of; to cause to find, attain; to receive; to wish to find; to be acquired by

restoreשׁוּב= shuwb
to return, turn back; to restore, refresh, repair; to bring back, make requital, pay (as recompense); the idea of return to the starting point; cease; convert; rescue, restore, retrieve; reverse; take back; withdraw; to turn oneself; revoke, make void

gatherקָבַץ= qabats
to gather, assemble; collect; congregate

Fourth Pandemic Lesson:
Joel 2:12-17 (NJB)
'But now -- declares Yahweh come back to me with all your heartfastingweepingmourning.' Tear  your hearts and not your clothes, and come back to Yahweh your God, for he is gracious and compassionate, slow to anger, rich in faithful love, and he relents about inflicting disaster. 14Who knows if he will not come back, relent and leave a blessing behind him, a cereal offering and a libation to be presented to Yahweh your God?


Blow the ram's-horn in Zion! Order a fast, proclaim a solemn assembly, call the people together, summon the community, assemble the elders, gather the children, even infants at the breast! Call the bridegroom from his bedroom and the bride from her bower! Let the priests, the ministers of Yahweh, stand weeping between portico and altar, saying, 'Spare your people, Yahweh! Do not expose your heritage to the contempt, to the sarcasm of the nations! Why give the peoples cause to say, "Where is their God?" ' 

come backשׁוּב= shuwb
to return, turn back; to turn back (to God), repent; turn back (from evil); to restore, refresh, repair; recall, recompense, recover; reverse; turn about; to turn oneself; restore

allכֹּל = kol
all, the whole of; totality, everything; all, any or every; of all kinds, every sort; altogether

heart and heartsלֵבָב = lebab
inner man, mind, will, heart, soul, understanding; mind, knowledge, thinking, reflection, memory; inclination, resolution, determination (of will); seat of appetites; seat of emotions and passions; mode of thinking and acting; will and purpose; intellect

fasting=צוֹם= tsowm; from tsuwm = צוּם
to cover over (the mouth); “the primary idea lies in the mouth being shut;” to abstain from food, fast; 

weepingבְּכִי = Bĕkiy
to make a great lamentation

mourningמִסְפֵּד = micped
wailing; a lamentation

tearקָרַע = qara`
tear in pieces; rend asunder; to rend, literally or figuratively

graciousחַנּוּן = channuwn
merciful, benignant 

compassionateרַחוּם = rachuwm; from רָחַם = racham
to love, love deeply, have mercy, be compassionate, have tender affection, have compassion; pity; to love; to behold with tenderest affection; the primary idea seems to be in cherishing, soothing, and in a gentle emotion of the mind

faithful loveחֶסֶד = checed
goodness, kindness, faithfulness; mercy, pity; benevolence; grace, favor

weepingבָּכָה = bakah
bewail, cry, shed tears; to weep (in grief, humiliation); make lamentation; mourn

Fifth Pandemic Lesson:
Zechariah 6:1-6 (NJB)
In the second year of Darius, in the eighth month, the word of Yahweh was addressed to the prophet Zechariah (son of Berechiah), son of Iddo, as follows, Yahweh was deeply angry with your ancestors. So say this to them, "Yahweh Sabaoth says this: Return to me -- Yahweh Sabaoth declares -- and I will return to you, says Yahweh Sabaoth. Do not be like your ancestors when the prophets in the past cried to them: Yahweh Sabaoth says this: Turn Back from your evil ways and evil deeds -- they would not listen or pay attention to me -- Yahweh declares. Where are your ancestors now? And the prophets, do they live for ever?  But did not my words and statutes, with which I had charged my servants the prophets, overtake your ancestors just the same?" ' So they repented and said, 'Yahweh Sabaoth has treated us as he resolved to do, and as our ways and deeds deserved.'

Returnpay attention, and repentedשׁוּב= shuwb
to return, turn back; repent; turn; to restore, refresh, repair; recall, recompense, recover; reverse; turn about; to turn oneself; restore

evilרַע = ra`
bad; disagreeable; malignant; giving pain, unhappiness, misery; unkind (vicious in disposition); wicked (ethically); evil((-favouredness); deformed; badness, especially in an ethical sense; malice

listenשָׁמַע= shama`
to hear, listen to, obey; give heed; yield to; to obey, be obedient; to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc....); consent, consider

pay attentionקָשַׁב= qashab
to hear, be attentive, heed, incline (of ears), attend (of ears), hearken, pay attention, listen; hearken; to attend to anything


Sunday, April 26, 2020

Readings for April 26, 2020 (Third Sunday of Easter) annotated

The bolded hyperlinks to scriptural citations will take you to additional translations of the scriptures cited. The other hyperlinks will take you to explanations of original Hebrew or Greek words.

Reading 1: Acts 2:14, 22-33  
Then Peter stood up with the Eleven, raised his voice, and proclaimed: “You who are Jews, indeed all of you staying in Jerusalem. Let this be known to you, and listen  to my words. You who are Israelites, hear these words. Jesus the Nazarene was a man commended to you by God with mighty deeds, wonders, and signs, which God worked through him in your midst, as you yourselves know. This man, delivered up by the set plan and foreknowledge of God, you killed, using lawless men to crucify him. But God raised him up, releasing him from the throes of death, because it was impossible for him to be held by it. For David says of him: I saw the Lord ever before me, with him at my right hand I shall not be disturbed. Therefore my heart has been glad and my tongue has exulted; my flesh, too, will dwell in hope, because you will not abandon my soul to the netherworld, nor will you suffer your holy one to see corruption. You have made known to me the paths of life; you will fill me with joy in your presence.

“My brothers, one can confidently say to you about the patriarch David that he died and was buried, and his tomb is in our midst to this day. But since he was a prophet and knew that God had sworn an oath to him that he would set one of his descendants upon his throne, he foresaw and spoke of the resurrection of the Christ, that neither was he abandoned to the netherworld nor did his flesh see corruption. God raised this Jesus; of this we are all witnesses. Exalted at the right hand of God, he received the promise of the Holy Spirit from the Father and poured him forth, as you see and hear.”

listenκούω = akouō
"to hear;" "hearken;" to attend to, consider what is or has been said; to understand, perceive the sense of what is said; to comprehend, to understand

commendedποδείκνυμι = apodeiknymi
"to point out, to exhibit" (apo, "forth," deiknumi, "to show"), is used once in the sense of proving by demonstration; "to prove;" "to show forth, declare;"to point out, show forth, to expose to view, exhibit;to demonstrate, i.e. accredit;to prove by arguments

You have made known= γνωρίζω = gnōrizō
to come to know, discover, know; to become known, be recognized; to gain knowledge of, have thorough knowledge of; give to understand

Responsorial Psalm: Psalm 16:1-2, 5, 7-8, 9-10, 11  
R. (11a) Lord, you will show us the path of life.
Preserve  me, O God, for in you I take refuge; I say to the LORD, “My Lord are you.”
O LORD, my allotted portion and my cup, you it is who hold fast my lot.
R. Lord, you will show us the path of life.
bless the LORD who counsels me; even in the night my heart exhorts   me.
I set the LORD continually before me; with him at my right hand I shall not be disturbed.
R. Lord, you will show us the path of life.
Therefore my heart is glad and my soul rejoices, my body, too, abides in confidence; because you will not abandon my soul to the netherworld, nor will you suffer your faithful one to undergo corruption.
R. Lord, you will show us the path of life.
You will showme the path to life, abounding joy in your presence,
the delights at your right hand for ever.
R. Lord, you will show us the path of life.

showיָדַע= yada`
to cause to know; to make known, declare; to make oneself known, reveal oneself; instruction; advise; answer; to be taught by experience; to cause someone to know something; to aquaint 

lifeחַי= chay
living, alive; lively, active (of man); green (of vegetation); flowing, fresh (of water); reviving (of the springtime); fresh; vigorous; flourishing; reviving; 

Preserveשָׁמַר= shamar
to keep, guard, observe, give heed;have charge of; protect; treasure up (in memory); protect;pay heed;to hedge about; attend to; beward; attend; 

refugeחָסָה= chacah
to seek refuge, flee for protection; to put trust in [], confide or hope in; have hope, make refuge

Lordאֲדֹנָי= 'Adonay
spoken in place of Yahweh in Jewish display of reverence; God, used submissively and reverently

blessבָּרַךְ= barak
to bless, kneel;to praise, salute;congratulate; thank; bend the knees; celebrate

counselsיָעַץ= ya`ats
to advise, counsel, give counsel; guide; to provide for

heartכִּלְיָה= kilyah
seat of emotion and affection; figuratively, the mind (as the interior self); inmost mind; kidneys 

exhortsיָסַר= yacar
to chasten, discipline, instruct, admonish; to discipline, correct; to teach; reform, reprove

continuallyתָּמִיד= tamiyd
continually, continuously; constant (or adverbially, constantly); alway(-s); perpetual

heartלֵב= leb
inner man, mind, will, heart, understanding; soul, heart (of man); thinking, reflection, memory;seat of appetites; seat of emotions and passions;  the feelings, the will and even the intellect; the centre of anything;

confidenceבֶּטַח= betach
security, safety; a place of refuge; trust; assurance, boldly; without fear

joyשִׂמְחָה= simchah 
mirth, gladness, joy, gaiety, pleasure; blithesomeness or glee

presenceפָּנִים= paniym
before; in front of; face turned toward; to say or do anything to one’s face; person; the foremost part of something; the author and efficient cause of anything

Reading 2: 1 Peter 1:17-21 
Beloved:If you invoke as Father him who judges impartially according to each one’s works, conduct yourselves with reverence during the time of your sojourning, realizing that you were ransomed from your futile conduct, handed on by your ancestors, not with perishable things like silver or gold but with the precious blood of Christ as of a spotless unblemished lamb.
He was known before the foundation of the world but revealed in the final time for you, who through him believe in God who raised him from the dead and gave him glory, so that your faith and hope are in God.

invokeπικαλέω = epikaleō
"to call upon," has the meaning "appeal;” carries with it the suggestion of a special interest on the part of the doer of an action in that in which he is engaged; to be named after someone; to call something to one; to call upon for one's self, in one's behalf; to permit oneself to be surnamed; called by his name or declared to be dedicated to him

reverence= φόβος = phobos
"reverential fear;"anxious heed; respect

revealed= φανερόω = phaneroō
"to manifest;" in the Passive Voice, "to be manifested;""to make visible, clear, manifest," known; to uncover, lay bare, reveal; to make manifest or visible or known what has been hidden or unknown, to manifest, whether by words, or deeds, or in any other way; make actual and visible, realized; to become known, to be plainly recognized

believe= πιστός = pistos 
believing, trusting;faithful, to be trusted, reliable; relying; sure;confiding 

Alleluia: Luke 24:32  
R. Alleluia, alleluia.
Lord Jesus, open the Scriptures to us; make our hearts burn while you speak to us.
R. Alleluia, alleluia.

open= διανοίγω = dianoigō
to open up completely; to open the mind of one, i.e. to cause to understand a thing; to rouse in one the faculty of understanding or the desire of learning;to open thoroughly;to explain, expound 

burn= καίω = kaiō
to set on fire, light, burning; consume with fire; kindle or (by implication) consume; a light showing the right way

Gospel: Luke 24:13-35  
That very day, the first day of the week, two of Jesus’ disciples were going to a village seven miles from Jerusalem called Emmaus, and they were conversing about all the things that had occurred. And it happened that while they were conversing and debating, Jesus himself drew near and went with them, but their eyes were prevented from recognizing him.

He asked them, “What are you discussing as you walk along?”

They stopped, looking downcast. One of them, named Cleopas, said to him in reply, “Are you the only visitor to Jerusalem who does not know of the things that have taken place there in these days?”

And he replied to them, “What sort of things?”

They said to him, “The things that happened to Jesus the Nazarene, who was a prophet mighty in deed and word before God and all the people, how our chief priests and rulers both handed him over to a sentence of death and crucified him. But we were hoping that he would be the one to redeem Israel; and besides all this, it is now the third day since this took place. Some women from our group, however, have astounded us: they were at the tomb early in the morning and did not find his body; they came back and reported that they had indeed seen a vision of angels who announced that he was alive. Then some of those with us went to the tomb and found things just as the women had described, but him they did not see.”

And he said to them, “Oh, how foolish you are! How slow of heart to believeall that the prophets spoke! Was it not necessary that the Christ should suffer these things and enter into his glory?” Then beginning with Moses and all the prophets, he interpreted to them what referred to him in all the Scriptures.

As they approached the village to which they were going, he gave the impression that he was going on farther. But they urged him, “Staywith us, for it is nearly evening and the day is almost over.” So he went in tostaywith them.

And it happened that, while he was with them at table, he took bread, said the blessing, broke it, and gave it to them. With that their eyes were opened and they recognized him, but he vanished from their sight.

Then they said to each other, “Were not our hearts burning within us while he spoke to us on the way and opened the Scriptures to us?” So they set out at once and returned to Jerusalem where they found gathered together the eleven and those with them who were saying, “The Lord has truly been raised and has appeared to Simon!” Then the two recounted what had taken place on the way and how he was made known to them in the breaking of bread.

drew nearγγίζω= eggizō
to approach; to be present; to come to or upon; to join; to make near

went= συμπορεύομαι = symporeuomai
to go together with; to go or journey together; go with

believe= πιστεύω = pisteuō
to be persuaded of," and hence, "to place confidence in, to trust;" signifies, in this sense of the word, reliance upon, not mere credence; "to entrust, commit to;"to be persuaded of, to credit, place confidence in; to give oneself up to.

interpreted= διερμηνεύω = diermēneuō
to unfold the meaning of what is said, explain, expound; to explain thoroughly, by implication, to translate

urged= παραβιάζομαι = parabiazomai
to constrain one by entreaties

Stay= μένω= menō
to abide, remain; to endure; to remain; to tarry as a guest, lodge; to continue to be present; to continue to be, not to perish, to last, endure; not to depart, not to leave, to continue to be present; to maintain unbroken fellowship; to put forth constant influence upon one; 

opened= διανοίγω = dianoigō
to open up completely; to open the mind of one, i.e. to cause to understand a thing; to rouse in one the faculty of understanding or the desire of learning;to open thoroughly;to explain, expound 

recognizedπιγινώσκω = epiginōskō
to know thoroughly; to know accurately, know well; fully perceive, notice attentively, discern, recognize; knowledge" or special appreciation; to discover, ascertain, determine; to perceive; to perceive who a person is; to become fully acquainted with; to understand; to recognize a thing to be what it really is

burning= καίω = kaiō
to set on fire, light, burning; consume with fire; kindle or (by implication) consume; a light showing the right way

made known= γινώσκω = ginōskō
to be taking in knowledge, to come to know, recognize, understand, or to understand completely; to know in the sense of realizing; to become known; frequently indicates a relation between the person "knowing" and the object known; in this respect, what is "known" is of value or importance to the one who knows, and hence the establishment of the relationship; to know by experience and observation; to understand; understand, perceive, have knowledge of; to learn from one