This translation is from the New American Bible. The bolded hyperlinks will take you to additional translations. The entire chapter is included to provide context.
Information about the meaning the original Hebrew or Greek of what seem to be key words is provided in blue. It is provided beneath the specific reading it relates to.
Hyperlinks to collections or analysis of other scriptures addressing principles similar to those set out in these readings are after each reading.
Excerpts collected in yellow at the end of this post tell us something about God’s nature or our relationship to Him.
Excerpts collected in green at the end of this post tell us about something God wants us to do.
Excerpts collected in red at the end of this post tell us about something God does not want us to do.
Reading I: Deuteronomy 26:4-10
Moses spoke to the people, saying:
“The priest shall receive the basket from you and shall set it in front of the altar of the LORD, your God. Then you shall declare before the Lord, your God, ‘My father was a wandering Aramean who went down to Egypt with a small household and lived there as an alien. But there he became a nation great, strong, and numerous.
When the Egyptians maltreated and oppressed us, imposing hard labor upon us, we cried to the LORD, the God of our fathers, and he heard our cry and saw our affliction, our toil, and our oppression. He brought us out of Egypt with his strong hand and outstretched arm, with terrifying power, with signs and wonders; and bringing us into this country, he gave us this land flowing with milk and honey.
Therefore, I have now brought you the firstfruits of the products of the soil which you, O LORD, have given me.’ And having set them before the LORD, your God, you shall bow down in his presence.”
declare = אָמַר= 'āmar Blue Letter Bible certify; declare; to command, to promise, to intend; to avow, to avouch; bear forth, bring to light; to speak, utter; to say in one's heart, to think
cried = צָעַק= ṣāʿaq Blue Letter Bible call, cry for help, cry out, in distress, need; to make outcry, clamour; to call together; to shriek
heard = שָׁמַע= šāmaʿ Blue Letter Bible listen to, obey; perceive by ear;to hear with attention or interest, listen to; give heed; to consent, agree; yield to;to obey, be obedient; to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.); to hear and answer
cry = קוֹל= qôl Blue Letter Bible voice, sound, noise; to call aloud; a voice or sound; bleating, crackling, lowing, neighing, stamping of feet; noise of inanimate objects
saw = רָאָה= rā'â Blue Letter Bible to see, look at, inspect, perceive, consider; learn about, observe, watch, look upon, look out, find out; consider, look at, give attention to, discern, distinguish; gaze at;enjoy, have experience, take heed; indeed; spy, stare; enjoy the light; be pleased with the sight; provide or care for, go to see
bow down = שָׁחָה= šāḥâ Blue Letter Bible to bow down; to depress; prostrate oneself; fall down (flat), humbly beseech, do (make) obeisance, do reverence, make to stoop, worship; bow down, prostrate oneself, before a monarch or superior, in homage, etc.; sink down; honor God with prayers; to submit oneself
Responsorial Psalm: Psalm 91:1-2, 10-11, 12-13, 14-15
R. (cf. 15b) Be with me, Lord, when I am in trouble.
You who dwell in the shelterof the Most High, who abide in the shadow of the Almighty, say to the LORD, “My refuge and fortress, my God in whom I trust.”
R. Be with me, Lord, when I am in trouble.
No evil shall befall you, nor shall affliction come near your tent,
For to his angels he has given command about you, that they guard you in all your ways.
R. Be with me, Lord, when I am in trouble.
Upon their hands they shall bear you up, lest you dash your foot against a stone.
You shall tread upon the asp and the viper; you shall trample down the lion and the dragon.
R. Be with me, Lord, when I am in trouble.
Because he clings to me, I will deliver him; I will set him on high because he acknowledges my name.
He shall call upon me, and I will answer him; I will be with him in distress; I will deliver him and glorify him.
R. Be with me, Lord, when I am in trouble.
dwell = יָשַׁב= yāšaḇ Blue Letter Bible remain, sit, abide; to sit down; to settle; continue; habitation, haunt; remain; return; stay, tarry; to be seated; to dwell
shelter = סֵתֶר= sēṯer Blue Letter Bible covering, shelter, hiding place, secret place; protection; defense
abide = לוּן= lûn Blue Letter Bible to lodge, stop over, pass the night, abide; rest; to stay permanently; lie all night; tarry
shadow = צֵל= ṣēl Blue Letter Bible shade, protection
refuge = מַחֲסֶה= maḥăsê Blue Letter Bible shelter; place of trust; person to whom one flees
fortress = מָצוּד= māṣûḏ Blue Letter Bible fastness, stronghold; peak, mountain castle; capture net, prey
trust = בָּטַח= bāṭaḥ Blue Letter Bible to have confidence, be confident;to be bold; to be secure; to feel safe, be careless; to trust, be confident or sure:—be bold (confident, secure, sure), careless (one, woman), put confidence, (make to) hope, (put, make to) trust; to confide in, place one’s confidence in; to be secure, fear nothing for one’s self; persuade to trust
angel =מַלְאָךְ= mal'āḵ Blue Letter Bible messenger, representative; one sent
guard = שָׁמַר= šāmar Blue Letter Bible to keep, guard, observe, give heed; retain, treasure up (in memory); preserve; attend to
clings = חָשַׁק= ḥāšaq Blue Letter Bible to love, be attached to, long for; join;delight in; desire; cleave to
deliver = פָּלַט= pālaṭ Blue Letter Bible to escape, save, deliver, slip away; to bring into security, bring to safety, rescue; to slip out; slip out; to be smooth, sleek
acknowledges =יָדַע= yāḏaʿ Blue Letter Bible to perceive and see, find out and discern; to discriminate, distinguish; to know by experience; to recognize; be acquainted with;to know (a person carnally);to know how, be skillful in; to have knowledge, be wise; to be made known, be or become known, be revealed; to be instructed; privy to; seeing; observe with the eyes; be aware of; to get to know, discover; to turn the mind to anything, to care about, to see about
name = שֵׁם= šēm Blue Letter Bible reputation, fame, glory; character; especially as giving a man kind of posthumous life, especially in his sons;designation of God; his reputation, fame, with; as his representative
call= קָרָא= qārā' Blue Letter Bible to call, cry, utter a loud sound;to proclaim; to read aloud, read (to oneself); the idea of accosting a person met; address by name;call=name= give name to; to call upon or to
answer = עָנָה=ʿānâ Blue Letter Bible to answer, respond, reply, testify, speak, shout; to sing, utter tunefully; to heed, i.e. pay attention; announce, pronounce; utter; respond to an occasion, speak in view of circumstances
rescue = חָלַץ= ḥālaṣ Blue Letter Bible to remove, deliver, draw out, draw off, take off, withdraw, pull or tear out; take away, loose, set free, rescue, be rescued; gird, equip, arm for war; to make strong, brace up, to invigorate; make fat; to be active, manful
glorify = כָּבַד= kāḇaḏ Blue Letter Bible to be heavy, be weighty, be grievous, be hard, be rich, be honourable, be glorious, be burdensome, be honoured; to be made heavy, be honoured, enjoy honour, be made abundant; harden; to be great, plentiful
Scriptures addressing similar principles are collected at Wisdom Principles—God is a Refuge for Those Who Love Him and Wisdom Principles: God’s Ways Give Security
Reading II: Romans 10:8-13
Brothers and sisters:
What does Scripture say? The word is near you,in your mouth and in your heart—that is, the word of faith that we preach—for, if you confess with your mouth that Jesus is Lordand believe in your heart that God raised him from the dead, you will be saved. For one believes with the heart and so is justified, and one confesses with the mouth and so is saved.* For the Scripture says, No one who believes in him will be put to shame.
For there is no distinction between Jew and Greek; the same Lord is Lord of all, enriching all who call upon him. For “everyone who calls on the name of the Lord will be saved.”
word =ῥῆμα = rhema Blue Letter Bible that which is said; that which is spoken, what is uttered in speech or writing; that which is or has been uttered by the living voice, thing spoken; any sound produced by the voice and having definite meaning; subject matter of speech, thing spoken of; utterances in which God through someone declares his mind; the word by which something is commanded, directed, enjoined; Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon that which is said or spoken, word, saying; subject of speech
mouth = στόμα = stoma Blue Letter Bible mouth, gullet, stomach; figuratively of inanimate things; the mouth, as part of the body; the front or edge; Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon mouth; the mouth as the organ of speech; one's face, foremost part, front; any outlet or entrance
heart = καρδία = kardia Blue Letter Bible man's entire mental and moral activity, both the rational and the emotional elements; used figuratively for the hidden springs of the personal life; the seat of moral nature and spiritual life;the vigour and sense of physical life; the centre and seat of spiritual life; seat of the thoughts, passions, desires, appetites, affections, purposes, endeavours; the faculty and seat of the intelligence; the will and character; the seat of the sensibilities, affections, emotions, desires, appetites, passions; the middle or central or inmost part of anything; will and character; Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon the seat of feeling and passion; inclination, desire, purpose
faith=πίστις = pistis Blue Letter Bible firm persuasion, a conviction; trust; an assurance; the main element in "faith" in its relation to the invisible God, as distinct from "faith" in man; trust and holy fervor; a strong and welcome conviction; belief with the predominate idea of trust(or confidence); the conviction that God exists and is the creator and ruler of all things; a power that seizes upon the soul; fidelity, faithfulness; Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon Trust; persuasion of a thing, confidence, assurance; credit
confess, confesses= ὁμολογέω = homologeō Blue Letter Bible To assent, accord, agree with; to confess, declare, admit; to declare openly by way of speaking out freely, such confession being the effect of deep conviction of fact; to confess by way of celebrating with praise; to profess;to agree with, assent; to praise, celebrate; not to deny;Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon agree with, say the same thing as; correspond, agree with; to be coordinated; agree to a thing, grant, concede; avow; acknowledge; promise; agreed upon, allowed or granted by common consent
Lord = κύριος = kyrios Blue Letter Bible variously translated in the NT, "'Lord,' 'master,' 'Master,' 'owner,' 'Sir;' one who has the disposal of anything; one to whom service is due on any ground; one who exercises power;he to whom a person or thing belongs, about which he has power of deciding;the sovereign, prince, chief; a title of honour expressive of respect and reverence; supreme in authority; Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon supreme power, authority; one invested with authority
believe, believes = πιστεύω = pisteuō Blue Letter Bible to be persuaded of, and hence, to place confidence in, to trust, signifies, in this sense of the word, reliance upon, not mere credence; to entrust, commit to; to think to be true, to be persuaded of, to credit, place confidence in; the conviction and trust to which a man is impelled by a certain inner and higher prerogative and law of soul; credit; to have a faith directed unto, believing or in faith to give oneself up to; to commit oneself trustfully;Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicontrust, put faith in, rely on; comply; feel confident that a thing is
raised = ἐγείρω = egeirō Blue Letter Bible to arouse, cause to rise; to awake; to raise up, produce, cause to appear; bring before the public; rouse from sleep, from sitting or lying, from disease, from death; raise up one “down” with disease, lying sick; Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon awaken, rouse, stir up; prick up; keep awake
saved= σῴζω = sōzō Blue Letter Bible To heal, make whole;to save, keep safe and sound, to rescue from danger or destruction; to preserve one who is in danger of destruction, to save or rescue; preserve; Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, An Intermediate Greek-English Lexiconto save, keep; to save from death, keep alive, preserve; to keep safe; to keep in mind, remember; to carry off safe, rescue from danger
justified = δικαιοσύνη = dikaiosynē Blue Letter Bible integrity, virtue, purity of life, rightness, correctness of thinking feeling, and acting; "the character or quality of being right or just;" it was formerly spelled "rightwiseness"; faithfulness, or truthfulness; the sum total of the requirements of God; "right action"; state of him who is as he ought to be; the condition acceptable to God; virtue which gives each his due; a state approved of God; manifests itself in beneficence; Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon justice, fulfillment of the Law
saved* = σωτηρία = sōtēria Blue Letter Bible deliverance, preservation, salvation; Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon deliverance, preservation; a way or means of safety; keeping safe, preservation; security, guarantee for safety
enriching = πλουτέω = plouteō Blue Letter Bible to be rich, to have abundance, wealthy;to be richly supplied; affluent in resources so that he can give blessings; Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexiconto be rich, wealthy; to be rich in a thing
call, calls = ἐπικαλέω = epikaleō Blue Letter Bible to call upon, appeal; carries with it the suggestion of a special interest on the part of the doer of an action in that in which he is engaged; to be named after someone; to call something to one; to call upon for one's self, in one's behalf; to permit oneself to be surnamed; called by his name or declared to be dedicated to him; Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon summon , invoke, pray, call in, call by surname
Verse Before the Gospel: Matthew 4:4b
One does not live on bread alone, but on every word that comes forth from the mouth of God.
Gospel: Luke 4:1-13
Filled with the Holy Spirit, Jesus returned from the Jordan and was led by the Spirit into the desert for forty days, to be tempted by the devil.
He ate nothing during those days, and when they were over he was hungry. The devil said to him, “If you are the Son of God, command this stone to become bread.” Jesus answered him, “It is written, One does not live on bread alone.”
Then he took him up and showed him all the kingdoms of the world in a single instant. The devil said to him, “I shall give to you all this power and glory; for it has been handed over to me, and I may give it to whomever I wish. All this will be yours, if you worship me.” Jesus said to him in reply, “It is written You shall worship the Lord, your God, and him alone shall you serve.”
Then he led him to Jerusalem, made him stand on the parapet of the temple, and said to him, “If you are the Son of God, throw yourself down from here, for it is written: He will command his angels concerning you, to guard you, and:With their hands they will support you,lest you dash your foot against a stone.” Jesus said to him in reply, “It also says, You shall not put the Lord, your God, to the test.”
When the devil had finished every temptation, he departed from him for a time.
filled = πλήρης = pleres Blue Letter Bible Being filled, full, i.e. filled up (as opposed to empty); covered in every part; thoroughly permeated with; replete; abounding in; complete, lacking nothing, perfect; Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon full of; infected by; satisfied, satiated; full, complete; solid, whole; full-bodied, with a persistent flavour
Holy = ἅγιος = hagios Blue Letter Bible fundamentally signifies "separated" (among the Greeks, dedicated to the gods), and hence, in Scripture in its moral and spiritual significance, separated from sin and therefore consecrated to God, sacred; most holy thing, a saint; sacred (physically, pure, morally blameless or religious, ceremonially, consecrated); reverend, worthy of veneration; things which on account of some connection with God possess a certain distinction and claim to reverence; set apart for God, to be, as it were, exclusively his; prepared for God; pure, sinless, upright, holy; Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon devoted to the gods; sacred, holy; pure; R. Trench, Synonyms of the New Testament Its fundamental idea is separation, and, so to speak, consecration and devotion to the service of Deity
Spirit = πνεῦμα = pneuma Blue Letter Bible (1) Breath, wind; the vital principal by which the body is animated; a simple essence, devoid of all or at least all grosser matter, and possessed of the power of knowing, desiring, deciding, and acting (2)the third person of the triune God, the Holy Spirit, coequal, coeternal with the Father and the Son; never referred to as a depersonalised force; God's power and agency;
Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon blast, wind; breeze or influence; breathed air, breath; breath of life; divine inspiration
led = ἄγω = agō Blue Letter Bible to lead, to lead along, to bring; to bear, carry; take with one; to lead by laying hold of, and this way to bring to the point of destination; to lead by accompanying to (into) a place; to lead with one's self, attach to one's self as an attendant; to conduct, bring; to lead, guide, direct; to lead through, conduct to: to something; to move, impel: of forces and influences on the mind; drive; induce; become the author of good or of evil to someone; go, depart; Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon lead, carry, fetch, bring; take with one; carry off; lead forcibly away; lead towards a point, lead on; guide; manage; carry away for oneself; hold account; weigh
desert = ἔρημος = erēmos Blue Letter Bible desolate, deserted, lonely; wilderness; solitary, uninhabited; deserted places, lonely regions; an uncultivated region fit for pasturage; deprived of the aid and protection of others, especially of friends, acquaintances, kindred; bereft; of a woman neglected by her husband, from whom the husband withholds himself; Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon desolate, lonely, solitary; solitary, not gregarious; reft of, void or destitute of;wanting, without; unclaimed, vacant
tempted = πειράζω = peirazō Blue Letter Bible examine, try, prove, assay; to try whether a thing can be done; make trial of, test: for the purpose of ascertaining his quality, or what he thinks, or how he will behave himself; to inflict evils upon one in order to prove his character and the steadfastness of his faith; Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon make proof or trial of; attempt a thing; try, tempt a person, put him to the test
devil = διάβολος = diabolos Blue Letter Bible an accuser, a slanderer; prone to slander, slanderous, accusing falsely; a calumniator, false accuser, slanderer; a traducer; Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon slanderous, backbiting; injuriously, invidiously
live = ζάω = zaō Blue Letter Bible to live, be among the living, be alive (not lifeless, not dead); to continue to live, to be kept alive; to enjoy real life; to have true life and worthy of the name; to live i.e. pass life, in the manner of the living and acting; to be in full vigour; to be fresh, strong, efficient, active, powerful, efficacious
live (Hebrew from Deuteronomy 8:3) = חָיָה= ḥāyâ Blue Letter Bible to live, have life, remain alive, sustain life, live prosperously, live forever, be quickened, be alive, be restored to life or health; to revive; refresh; restore to health; nourish up; recover; be whole; perfect; continue in life;preserve alive, let live; the original idea of this word is breathing; to continue safe and sound; to recover health, be healed; to vivify; to make alive; grant or restore life.
bread = ἄρτος = artos Blue Letter Biblea small loaf or cake, composed of flour and water, and baked, in shape either oblong or round, and about as thick as the thumb; food composed of flour mixed with water and baked;food of any kind; to take food, to eat; Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon cake or loaf of wheat-bread
bread (Hebrew from Deuteronomy 8:3) = לֶחֶם= leḥem Blue Letter Bible bread, food, grain; loaf, meat, victuals
alone = μόνος = monos Blue Letter Bible alone (without a companion), forsaken, destitute of help, alone, only, merely; by themselves; Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon alone, solitary; expressing rhetorically pre-eminence in an action or quality; one above all others; on one condition only; alone, only
alone (Hebrew from Deuteronomy 8:3) =בַּד= bad Blue Letter Bible by itself; apart; separation
power = ἐξουσία = exousia Blue Letter Bible the power of one whose will and commands must be obeyed; right of disposal; power; the ability or strength with which one is endued, which he either possesses or exercises; the power of him whose will and commands must be submitted to by others and obeyed; privilege; mastery; the power of authority (influence) and of right; delegated authority; Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon power, authority to do a thing; permission to do; license; qualification for; office, magistracy; abundance of means, resources
glory = δόξα = doxa Blue Letter Bible opinion, judgment, view, estimate; splendour, brightness; magnificence, excellence, preeminence, dignity, grace; majesty; most exalted state; honor; absolute perfection
worship = προσκυνέω = proskyneō Blue Letter Bible to make obeisance, do reverence to; an act of homage or reverence; to kiss the hand to (towards) one, in token of reverence; to fall upon the knees and touch the ground with the forehead as an expression of profound reverence; kneeling or prostration to do homage (to one) or make obeisance, whether in order to express respect or to make supplication; homage shown to men and beings of superior rank: absolutely; do reverence to, adore; Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon make obeisance to; do reverence to; prostrating oneself before kings and superiors
worship (Hebrew from Deuteronomy 6:13) = עָבַד= ʿāḇaḏ Blue Letter Bible to labour, work, do work; to work for another, serve another by labour; to serve as subjects; to be worked, be tilled (of land); to make oneself a servant;to be led or enticed to serve;be bondmen, bond-service; do, dress, execute, husbandman; performs acts of worship; work his work
serve = λατρεύω = latreuō Blue Letter Bible to work for hire; to serve, to render religious service or homage; Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon work for hire or pay; be subject or enslaved to
made him stand = ἵστημι = histēmi Blue Letter Bible to stand, to make to stand; to set; appoint, establish; to cause or make to stand, to place, put, set; hold up; to set or place in a balance; to weigh; Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon make to stand; set up; place; appoint; establish, institute; place in the balance, weigh
test = ἐκπειράζω = ekpeirazō Blue Letter Bible tempt; to prove, test, thoroughly
test (Hebrew from Deuteronomy 6:16) = נָסָה= nacah Blue Letter Bible try, prove, tempt, assay, put to the proof or test
temptation = πειρασμός = peirasmos Blue Letter Bible "a trying, testing;" "trials;" an enticement to sin, temptation, whether arising from the desires or from the outward circumstances;adversity, affliction, trouble;a putting to proof; solicitation; Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon
trial, worry, temptation
This and parallel passages are considered in What We Can Learn from Jesus’ Temptation: Matthew 4:1-11, Mark 1:12-13, and Luke 4:1-13
What these readings tell us about God/His ways:
he heard our cry and saw our affliction, our toil, and our oppression
He brought us out of Egypt with his strong hand and outstretched arm, with terrifying power, with signs and wonders
bringing us into this country, he gave us this land flowing with milk and honey.
the products of the soil which you, O LORD, have given me
the LORD, “My refuge and fortress, my God in whom I trust.”
Because heclings to me, I will deliver him
I will set him on high because he acknowledges my name.
I will answer him
I will be with him in distress;
I will deliver him and glorify him.
The word is near you,in your mouth and in your heart
if you confess with your mouth that Jesus is Lordand believe in your heart that God raised him from the dead, you will be saved
For one believes with the heart and so is justified
one confesses with the mouth and so is saved
Noone who believes in him will be put to shame.
there is no distinction between Jew and Greek
the same Lord is Lord of all, enriching all who call upon him
everyone who calls on the name of the Lord will be saved.”
One does not live on bread alone, but on every word that comes forth from the mouth of God.
Filled with the Holy Spirit
was led by the Spirit into the desert for forty days, to be tempted by the devil.
What these readings tell us to do:
cried to the LORD
brought you the firstfruits
set them before the LORD
bow down in his presence
dwell in the shelterof the Most High
abide in the shadow of the Almighty
say to the LORD, “My refuge and fortress
God in whom I trust
clings to me
acknowledges my name
call upon me
confess with your mouth that Jesus is Lord
believe in your heart that God raised him from the dead
believes with the heart
confesses with the mouth
believes in him
no distinction between Jew and Greek
One does not live on bread alone
What these readings tell us not to do:
You shall not put the Lord, your God, to the test
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